Identification of Dalbergia odorifera and Its Counterfeits by HS-GC-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo screen the differential markers by analyzing volatile components in Dalbergia odorifera and its counterfeits， in order to provide reference for authentication of D. odorifera. MethodThe volatile components in D. odorifera and its counterfeits were detected by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and the GC conditions were heated by procedure（the initial temperature of the column was 50 ℃， the retention time was 1 min， and then the temperature was raised to 300 ℃ at 10 ℃ for 10 min）， the carrier gas was helium， and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1， the split ratio was 10∶1， and the injection volume was 1 mL. The MS conditions used electron bombardment ionization（EI） with the scanning range of m/z 35-550. The compound species were identified by database matching， the relative content of each component was calculated by the peak area normalization method， and principal component analysis（PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster analysis were performed on the detection results by SIMCA 14.1 software， and the differential components of D. odorifera and its counterfeits were screened out according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>2 and P<0.05. ResultA total of 26， 17， 8， 22， 24 and 7 volatile components were identified from D. odorifera， D. bariensis， D. latifolia， D. benthamii， D. pinnata and D. cochinchinensis， respectively. Among them， there were 11 unique volatile components of D. odorifera， 6 unique volatile components of D. bariensis， 3 unique volatile components of D. latifolia， 6 unique volatile components of D. benthamii， 8 unique volatile components of D. pinnata， 4 unique volatile components of D. cochinchinensis. The PCA results showed that， except for D. latifolia and D. cochinchinensis， which could not be clearly distinguished， D. odorifera and other counterfeits could be distributed in a certain area， respectively. The OPLS-DA results showed that D. odorifera and its five counterfeits were clustered into one group each， indicating significant differences in volatile components between D. odorifera and its counterfeits. Finally， a total of 31 differential markers of volatile components between D. odoriferae and its counterfeits were screened. ConclusionHS-GC-MS combined with SIMCA 14.1 software can systematically elucidate the volatile differential components between D. odorifera and its counterfeits， which is suitable for rapid identification of them.

Analysis on Material Basis of Anti-COPD Effect of Euphorbia helioscopia Based on Serum Pharmacochemistry and Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the migrating components absorbed into blood of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia helioscopia， and to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis of the aqueous extract of E. helioscopia against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）. MethodUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to detecte the migrating components absorbed into blood of rats after intragastric administration of aqueous extract of E. helioscopia. An Agilent RRHD SB-C18 column（3 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） was used with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-acetonitrile（B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-15 min， 5%-30%B； 15-20 min， 30%-50%B； 20-30 min， 50%-95%B； 30-35 min， 95%-5%B）， and the detection wavelength of 190-800 nm， column temperature of 40 ℃， flow rate of 0.3 mL∙min-1 and injection volume of 4 μL. The electrospray ionization（ESI） was used in positive and negative ion modes， and the detection range was m/z 50-1 250. Network pharmacology was used to screen out the key components and the key targets of COPD through the interaction analysis. Metascape database was used to predict the molecular function， biological process， cellular composition and signal pathways mainly involved in the anti-COPD effect of E. helioscopia. Molecular docking technique was used to determine the affinity of key targets with key components. ResultA total of 29 migrating components absorbed into blood of rats were identified after intragastric administration of aqueous extract of E. helioscopia， 9 of which were prototype components and 20 were metabolites. Network pharmacological analysis showed that luteolin， quercetin， apigenin， naringenin and helioscopinolide C were the key components of E. helioscopia against COPD， and vascular endothelial growth factor A（VEGFA）， albumin（ALB）， protein kinase B1（Akt1）， tumor necrosis factor（TNF） and interleukin-6（IL-6） were the key targets. Molecular docking results showed that one diterpene lactone（helioscopinolide C） and three flavonoids（naringenin， luteolin， apigenin） in the migrating components absorbed into blood all had strong binding activity to the key targets of E. helioscopia against COPD. ConclusionNaringenin， helioscopinolide C， luteolin and apigenin may be the main anti-COPD active substances of E. helioscopia.

Identification of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum and Its Counterfeits by 1H-NMR Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish the identification method of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum（DOL） and its counterfeits by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum（1H-NMR） combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Method1H-NMR spectra of DOL and its counterfeits were obtained by NMR， and the full composition information was established and transformed into a data matrix， and the detection conditions were as follows：taking dimethyl sulfoxide-d6（DMSO-d6） containing 0.03% tetramethylsilane（TMS） as the solvent， the constant temperature at 298 K（1 K=-272.15 ℃）， pulse interval of 1.00 s， spectrum width of 12 019.23 Hz， the scanning number of 16 times， and the sampling time of 1.08 s. Similarity examination and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） were performed on the data matrix of DOL and its counterfeits， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to analyze the data matrix and identify the differential components between them. In the established OPLS-DA category variable value model， the category variable value of DOL was set as 1， and the category variable value of the counterfeits was set as 0， and the threshold was set as ±0.3， in order to identify the commercially available DOL. The OPLS-DA score plot was used to determine the types of counterfeits in commercially available DOL， and it was verified by thin layer chromatography（TLC）. ResultThe results of similarity analysis and HCA showed that there was a significant difference between DOL and its counterfeits. OPLS-DA found that the differential component between DOL and its counterfeits was trans-nerolidol. The established category variable value model could successfully identify the authenticity of the commercially available DOL. The results of the OPLS-DA score plot showed that there were heartwood of Dalbergia pinnata and D. cochinchinensis in the commercially available DOL， and were consistent with the TLC verification results. ConclusionThere is a phenomenon that heartwood of D. pinnata and D. cochinchinensis are sold as DOL in the market. 1H-NMR combined with multivariate statistical analysis can effectively distinguish DOL and its counterfeits， which can provide a reference for the identification of them.

Effect of Euphorbia helioscopia Aqueous Extract on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Precancerous Lesion-associated Proteins of Lung Tissues in Mice Induced by Cigarette Smoke / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Euphorbia helioscopia aqueous extract （EHE） on mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and its influence on precancerous lesion-associated proteins in lung tissues induced by cigarette smoke （CS）. MethodThe COPD model was induced by CS in 60 mice and the model mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， positive drug group （dexamethasone， 2 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose EHE groups （1.875， 3.75， 7.5 g·kg-1）. The high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was used to determine the related components in EHE. The changes in end-expiratory pause （EEP）， airway resistance （Penh）， expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity （EF50）， and other pulmonary function indexes were detected by the spirometer. The levels of inflammatory factors， such as interleukin （IL）-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， and IL-27 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of mice were detected by high-throughput liquid protein chip technology. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to detect the pathological changes in lung tissues in mice. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， myeloperoxidase （MPO）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in lung tissues was determined by the colorimetric method. The mRNA relative expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and matrix metalloproteinase-12 （MMP-12） was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of tumor protein （P53） and cell proliferation-associated antigen （Ki67） in lung tissues， and Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of tumor suppressor protein （P16）， DNA （cytosine-5）-methyltransferase 1 （DNMT1）， and fragile histidine triad （FHIT） in lung tissues. ResultThe results showed that the main compounds in EHE included phenols （gallic acid and protocatechuic acid） and flavonoids （such as hyperoside， rutin， myricetin， naringenin， quercetin， luteolin， kaempferol， and licorice chalcone A）， among which gallic acid and rutin were the highest in content. Compared with normal group， model group showed increased levels of EEP， EF50， and Penh （P<0.05）， and showed increased MDA and MPO levels （P<0.01） and decreased GSH-Px （P<0.01）， and the model group displayed increased levels of IL-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， IL-27， TNF-α， TGF-β， MMP-2， MMP-9， and MMP-12 （P<0.05）. And the model group exhibited up-regulated expression of P53， Ki67， and FHIT in lung tissues （P<0.01） and down-regulated expression of DNMT1 and P16 （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the EHE groups showed decreased EEP and EF50 levels （P<0.05）. The pathological injury of lung tissues in mice of the model group was observed under HE staining， and the pathological injury of basal cell hyperplasia of lung tissues was gradually improved after treatment with EHE. The EHE groups showed reduced levels of MDA and MPO （P<0.01） and increased GSH-Px （P<0.01）. The EHE groups displayed decreased levels of IL-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， IL-27， TNF-α， TGF-β， MMP-2， MMP-9， and MMP-12 （P<0.05）. And the EHE groups showed down-regulated Ki67 and FHIT in lung tissues （P<0.05） and up-regulated expression of P53 and DNMT1 （P<0.05）. ConclusionEHE can protect mice from COPD and inhibit precancerous lesions， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress response， regulation of protease and antiprotease imbalance， and regulation of epithelial cell growth.

Correlation of cystatin C and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

[Summary] Serum cystatin C levels were measured by microparticle enhanced turbidimetry in 114 type 2diabetic patients without retinopathy (group A) and 105 type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy (group B),as well as 47 normal healthy individuals as controls (group NC).The results showed that the serum cystatin C level of group B was much higher than those of group NC and group A (P＜0.05).However,there was no difference in serum cystatin C level between group NC and group A.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum levels of cystatin C and cholesterol,and systemic blood pressure were independent risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients (all P＜0.05),suggesting that detection of serum cystatin C level may play an important role in early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic retinopathy.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CONSCIOUSNESS-REGAINING BY INJECTION OF BRAIN WAKING-LIQUID / 解剖学报

Objective To study the effects of injection of brain waking-liquid on unconsciouness rat as its outer brain injured. Methods To inject via abdomen the liquid to the testing rats with symptoms. Results The surviving rate and the consciousness regaining rate of every testing group is obviously higher than that of control groups. They have notable differences statistically.Conclusion The brain waking liquid is effective for curing the unconsciouness by outer brain injury.

Clinical Study on Levoamlodipine Besylate Combined with Piracetam in the Treatment of Vascular Dementia / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of levoamlodipine besylate combined with piracetam for vascular dementia(VD).METHODS:66 patients with VD were enrolled:33(treatment group) were assigned to receive Levoamlodipine besylate 2.5～5 mg q.d plus piracetam 0.8 g tid for 3 months,and another 33(control group) to receive piracetam 0.8 g tid plus basic treatment based on patients' blood glucose,blood pressure and blood lipid levels.The patients were given 3-month follow-up.Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL),Hasegawa Dementia Scale(HDS) and Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS) were used to evaluate the patient's cognitional function and mental state before and after treatment.RESULTS:MMSE,ADL,HDS,and WMS scores after treatment were(22.48?3.25),(25.16?8.96),(23.14?2.91),(71.14?19.01),respectively in treatment group versus(20.56?3.18),(29.74?13.01),(20.41?6.25),(60.35?20.60),respectively in control group.The treatment had a better improvement in symptoms than control group did and there was statistical difference between groups(P

Structure, receptor and pathophysiological function of natriuretic peptide / 中国病理生理杂志

Five natriuretic peptides (NP) have been identified: A-type, B-type, C-type, D-type and V-type. All of them have ringed-structures. The actions of the natriuretic peptides are modulated through their cognate receptors, which are named as NPR-A,NPR-B and NPR-C. The receptors are involved in the cGMP-dependent signaling cascades,which take part in many different physiological regulation, such as diureses,vasodilatation, depressing blood pressure, improving immunity, promoting development of bone, regulating nerve system and so on. At present, ANP and BNP have become a marker in diagnostic some cardiovascular diseases.

Studies on effect of main active principles in ZHIGANCAO DECOCTION on myocardial electrophysiology / 中草药

Object To study the influence of main active principles of ZHIGANCAO DECOCTIDN (ZD), glycyrrhizic acid (GA), ginseng total saponin (GTS) and Ophiopogon total saponin (OTS) on electrophysiology of isolated rat myocardium Methods The influence of GA, GTS and OTS on the automaticity, excitability and functional refractory period of isolated rat atrium and papillary muscle were studied in comparison with ZD made free of the above said active ingredients Results The combine use of GA, GTS and OTS significantly decreased the automaticity, inhibited excitaibility and prolonged the functional refractory period of isolated rat atrium; decreased the automaticity and arrhythmia of papillary muscle induced by epinephrine, while ZD made free of GS, GTS and OTS showed much less effect than the intact decoction Conclusion GA, GTS and OTS proved to be the main effective ingredients responsible for the antiarrhythmic activity of ZD